ABSTRACT
Pulses are a vital source of plant-based proteins and amino acids for people around the globe
and should be eaten as part of a healthy diet to address obesity, as well as to prevent and help manage
chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary conditions and cancer; they are also an important source of
plant-based protein for animals. Pulses provide protein and fibre, as well as a significant source of
vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, folate, and magnesium, and consuming half a cup of beans
or peas per day can enhance diet quality by increasing intakes of these nutrients. The present attempt
deals with comparison antioxidant activities of various sprouts of selected pulses. The β-carotene,
ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid content of black gram (Vigna
mungo), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and yellow mustard (Brassica
alba) seeds and their sprouts (48 h) were determined. The parameters selected reflect the antioxidant
capacity with respect to the dietary antioxidants (β-carotene, ascorbic acid) which were noted to be
highest in chickpea sprouts and black gram sprouts respectively. The highest antioxidant activity in
terms of % DPPH inhibition (49.837 ± 0.61 % ) and flavonoid content ( 211.06 ± 8.17 mg/100g ) was
observed in cowpea sprouts. The highest total phenol content was noted in yellow mustard sprouts
(58.45 ±6.67 mg/100g). Inclusion of pulses in the diet is a healthy way to meet dietary
recommendations and is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases including cancer.
Long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate the direct effects of pulses on the
cancer like diseases.
References
[1] Abner EL, Schmitt FA, Mendiondo MS, Marcum JL, Kryscio RJ (Jul 2011). “Vitamin E
and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis”. Current Aging Science 4(2): 158-70.
doi:10.2174/1874609811104020158. PMC 4030744.PMID 21235492.
[2] Agte V., Tarwadi K., The importance of nutrition in the prevention of ocular disease
with special reference to cataract, Ophthalmic Res., 44: 166-172 (2010).
[3] Amal B.E., Aurang Z. and Nizakat B., Impact of germination time and type of
illumination on carotenoid content, protein solubility and in vitro protein digestibility of
chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) sprouts, J Food Chem., 109: 797-801 (2008).
[4] Babita M. Sakdeo and Vitthalrao B. Khyade ( 2013): EFFECT OF MORACIN ON
DMBA – TPA INDUCED SKIN TUMOR FORMATION IN THE MICE. 2013.
International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 3(4): 576-583.
[5] Bibi N., Aurang Z., Amal B.K., Mohammad S.K.., Effect of germination time and type
of illumination on proximate composition of chickpea seed (Cicer arietinum L.) Am. J.
Food Technol. ,3: 24-32 (2008).
[6] Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud C (2013). “Meta-regression analyses, meta-analyses,
and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene,
vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do
we have evidence for lack of harm?”. PloS One 8(9):
e74558.Bibcode:2013PLoSO…874558B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074558. PMC
3765487.PMID 24040282.
[7] Braca.A., Sortino.C.. Politi.M.,. Morelli.I.. Mendez.J., Antioxidant activity of
Flavonoids from Licania licaniaeflora, J Ethnopharmacol., 79: 379-381 (2002).
[8] Carlo.R., Riccardo.A., Sridhar.D., Petriziz.P., Carla.M.. Raffaela.T., Florence.B.,
Bilal.C.,Giovanni., Metabolic engineering of β-carotene and lycopene content in tomato
fruit, Plant J. 24(3): 413-419 (2000).
[9] Cortés-Jofré M, Rueda JR, Corsini-Muñoz G, Fonseca-Cortés C, Caraballoso M, Bonfill
Cosp X (2012). “Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people”. The Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews 10: CD002141.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002141.pub2.PMID 23076895.
[10] Dabelstein W, Reglitzky A, Schütze A, Reders K (2007). “Automotive
Fuels”. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.
doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.
[11] Inyang, C.U. and U.M. Zakari, (2008). Effect of germination and fermentation of pearl
millet on proximate, chemical and sensory properties of instant Fura: A Nigerian cereal
food. Pak. J. Nutr., 7: 9-12.
[12] Jian Zhao., Nutraceuticals, Nutritional Therapy, Phytonutrients, and Phytotherapy for
Improvement of Human Health: A perspective on Plant Biotechnology Application,
Recent Patents on Biotechnology, 1: 75-97 (2007).
[13] Jiang L., Yang K.H., Tian JH, Guan QL, Yao N, Cao N, Mi DH, Wu J, Ma B, Yang SH
(2010). “Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer
prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials”. Nutrition and
Cancer 62(6): 719-27. doi:10.1080/01635581.2010.494335. PMID 20661819.
[14] Lasekan, O.O., 1996. Effect of germination on α-amylase activities and rheological
properties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) and acha (Digiteria exilis) grains. J. Food
Sci. Technol., 33: 329-331.
[15] Lorenz, K., 1980. Cereal sprouts: Composition, nutritive value, food applications. Crit.
Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 13: 353-385, PubMed.
[16] Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall, 1951. Protein measurement
with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
[17] Mangels A.R., Holden J.M.., Beecher G.R.., Forman.M., Lanza.E., Carotenoid content
of fruits and vegetables: an evaluation of analytic data, J Am Diet Assoc., 93: 284-296(1993).
[18] Mao J.J., Dong J.F., Zhu M.Y., Effect of germination conditions on ascorbic acid level
and yield of soybean sprout, J. Sci. Food Agr. 85: 943-947 (2005).
[19] Mubarak, A.E., 2005. Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of mung bean
seeds (Phaseolus aureus) as affected by some home traditional processes. Food Chem.,
89: 489-495.
[20] Nidaye, C., S.Y. Xu, P.M. Ngom and A.S. Ndoye, 2008. Malting germination effect on
rheological properties and cooking time of millet (P. typhoides) and Sorghum (S.
bicolor) flours and rolled flour products (Arraw). Am. J. Food Technol., 3: 373-383.
[21] Nishino H., Cancer prevention by carotenoids. Mutation Research, 402,159-163 (1998).
[22] Norman, T. J. and Baily (1995). Statistical Methods In Biology. Third edition,
Cambridge University Press.
[23] Oke J.M., Hamburger M.O., Screening of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants for
antioxidant activity using 2, 2, Diphenyl- Picryl-Hydrazyl Radical, Afr J Biol Res., 5:
77-79 (2002).
[24] Onwuka, C.F., C.C. Ikewuchi, C.J. Ikewuchi and O.E. Ayalogu, 2009. Investigation on
the effect of germination on the proximate composition of African Yam bean
(Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst ex A Rich) and fluted Pumpkin (Telferia occidentalis).
J. Applied Sci. Environ. Manage., 13: 59-61.
[25] Osborne D.R., and Boogt.P., The analysis of nutrients in food. Academic Press: New
York. (1978).
[26] Paul Insel., R. Elaine Turner and Don Ross., Textbook of Nutrition. London, United
Kingdom: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International (1952).
[27] Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, Flowers N, Clarke A, Stranges S (2013). “Selenium
supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease”. The Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews 1: CD009671.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009671.pub2.PMID 23440843.
[28] Shekelle PG, Morton SC, Jungvig LK, Udani J, Spar M, Tu W, J Suttorp M, Coulter I,
Newberry SJ, Hardy M (Apr 2004). “Effect of supplemental vitamin E for the
prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease”. Journal of General Internal
Medicine 19(4): 380-9. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30090.x.PMC 1492195. PMID
15061748.
[29] Singleton V.L., Rossi J.A., Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdicphosphotungstic acid reagents, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16: 144-158 (1965).
[30] Stanner SA, Hughes J, Kelly CN, Buttriss J (May 2004). “A review of the
epidemiological evidence for the ‘antioxidant hypothesis'”. Public Health Nutrition 7(3):
407-22. doi:10.1079/PHN2003543. PMID 15153272.
[31] Tapas A.R., Sakarkar D.M., Kakde R.B., Flavonoids as Nutraceuticals: A review, Trop
J Pharm Res., 7(3): 1089-1099 (2008).
[32] Vanderstoep, J., (1981). Effect of germination on the nutritive value of legumes. Food
Technol., 38: 83-85.
[33] Vitthalrao B. Khyade; Vivekanand V. Khyade and Sunanda V. Khyade ( 2013): Use of
Moracin in preventing the cancer. Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And
Food Technology 4(5), 96-104.
[34] Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Ujwala D. Lonkar. Effect of Moracin on DMBA – TPA
induced cancer in mice, Mus musculus (L). 2013. Annals of Plant Science 2(10), (2013)
412-419.
[35] Vitthalrao B. Khyade ; Vivekanand V. Khyade ; Sunanda V. Khyade and May-Britt
Moser (2014). Influence of Moracin on DMBA-TPA induced skin tumerigenesis in
the mouse. International Journal of Bioassays 3(11): 3510-3516.
[36] Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Rhidim Jiwan P. Sarwade (2014). Influence of Moracin on
DMBA – TPA induced cancer in the skin of mice, Mus musculus (L). Recent Trends in
Zoology (Pages: 113-133). Editor: Dr. R. K. Kasar ; Publisher: Dr. L. S. Matkar
(Principal, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shevgaon Dist. Ahmednagar –
414502 (M.S.) India. ISBN: 978-93-84916-68-8.
[37] Vitthalrao B. Khyade ; Suryakant M. Mundhe and Shakir Ali Syed (2015). Influence of
Ethanolic Extractives of Leaves of Mulberry, Morus alba (L) On 7, 12-Dimethylbenz
(A) Anthracene (DMBA) Induced Buccal Pouch Carcinoma in Syrian Hamster,
Mesocricetus auratus (L). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences,
10(1)IV: 69-75
[38] Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Sadhana D. Deshpande (2015). CHEMOPREVENTIVE
EFFICACY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTIVES OF LEAVES OF MULBERRY,
MORUS ALBA (L) ON 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ(A) ANTHRACENE
(DMBA)INDUCED BUCCAL POUCH CARCINOMA IN SYRIAN HAMSTER,
MESOCRICETUS AURATUS (L). International Journal of Recent Scientific Research,
6(3) 3156-3161, 2015.
[39] Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Aziz Sancer. Treating the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
(DMBA) induced buccal pouch carcinoma in Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus (L)
with ethanolic extractives of leaves of mulberry, Morus alba (L). World Scientific News
30 (2016) 1-13.
[40] Yang.F., Basu T.K., Ooraikul.B., Studies on germination conditions and antioxidant
contents of legumes, Int J Food Sci Nutr., 52(4): 319-330 (2001).
Download all article in PDF
Support the magazine and subscribe to the content
This is premium stuff. Subscribe to read the entire article.
