ABSTRACT
To merge general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics and to develop a practical model of the observable universe, we make an attempt to replace big bang and inflation concepts by a growing and rotating Planck ball having black hole like properties. We would like to appeal that, black hole and angular velocity concepts seem to play an interesting role in exploring the structural secrets of galaxies and the whole universe. In this context, we would like to emphasize that, true cosmic red shift must be defined as the ratio of loss in energy of photon to the energy of photon at galaxy or lab. As a consequence, in terms of wavelength, photon red shift must be defined as the ratio of change in wavelength to the observed wavelength of photon but not the laboratory wavelength. For the observed value of estimated angular velocity and Hubble parameter are and respectively. Very interesting observation is that,
References
- Duncan Farrah et al. 2023. A Preferential Growth Channel for Super massive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies. ApJ 943: 133
- Duncan Farrah et al. 2023. Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes and its Implications for an Astrophysical Source of Dark Energy. ApJL, 944, L31
- Tatum E.T. 2023a. How Gravitational Effects on the Quantum Vacuum Might Explain Dark Energy and Dark Matter Observations. Journal of Modern Physics, 14, 833-838
- Tatum E.T. 2023b. How Dark Energy Might Be Produced by Black Holes. Journal of Modern Physics, 14, 573-582
- Seshavatharam U.V.S. 2010. Physics of Rotating and Expanding Black Hole Universe. Progress in Physics 2(April), 7-14
- Tatum E.T, Seshavatharam U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2015. The basics of flat space cosmology. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5, 116-124
- Seshavatharam U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2015. Primordial Hot Evolving Black Holes and the Evolved Primordial Cold Black Hole Universe. Frontiers of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology 1(1), 16-23
- Seshavatharam U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2021. Light speed expanding white hole universe having a red shift of [z/(1+z)]. World Scientific News 162, 87-101
- Christillin, P. 2023. Inconsistency of General Relativity Predictions for the Universe Expansion vs. the Black Hole Model. Journal of Modern Physics, 14, 18-30
- Bahcall, N. Hubble’s Law and the expanding universe. 2015. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112: 3173-5
- Melia Fulvio (Arizona U. and Arizona U., Astron. Dept. – Steward Observ.). 2012. Fitting the Union2.1 SN Sample with the R_h=ct Universe. J. 144: 110
- Nielsen J.T, Guffanti A, Sarkar S. 2016. Marginal Evidence for Cosmic Acceleration from Type Ia Supernovae. Nature, Scientific Reports 6(Oct): 35596
- Perlmutter S et al. Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae. 1999. The Astrophysical Journal. 517(2): 565
- Adam G. Riess et al. 2022. A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km s−1 Mpc−1 Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team. ApJL, 934, L7
- Di Valentino, E., Melchiorri, A. & Silk, J. Planck. 2020. Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology. Astron. 4: 196–203
- Ellis George, Julien Larena. 2020. The case for a closed universe, Astronomy & Geophysics 61(1): 1. 38–1. 40
- Handley Will. 2021. Curvature tension: evidence for a closed universe. Rev. D 103: 041301
- Weiqiang Yang et al. 2023. Revealing the effects of curvature on the cosmological models. Rev. D 107: 063509
- Seshavatharam U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2021. An Integrated Model of a Light Speed Rotating Universe. International Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Journal, 2(1), 282–290
- Seshavatharam U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2022. Concepts and results of a Practical Model of Quantum Cosmology: Light Speed Expanding Black Hole Cosmology. Mapana Journal of Sciences 21(2) :13-22
- Seshavatharam U. V. S, Lakshminarayana S. 2022. Weak Interaction Dependent Super Gravity of Galactic Baryon Mass. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 12(3): 146-155
- Seshavatharam, U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2023. A Rotating Model of a Light Speed Expanding Hubble-Hawking Universe. Sci. Forum. 7: 43
- Seshavatharam U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2023. An open review on light speed expanding Hubble-Hawking universe. Journal of Physics and Astronomy 11(2): 322
- Whittaker E.T. 1945. Spin in the universe, Yearbook of Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 5.
- Gamow G. 1946. Rotating Universe? Nature 158: 549
- Godel Kurt. 1950. Rotating Universes in General Relativity Theory. Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge, 1: 175-81
- Hawking S. 1969. On the rotation of the Universe. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 142: 129-141
- Birch P. 1982. Is the Universe rotating? Nature 298: 451-454
- Godlowski, W. Global and Local Effects of Rotation: Observational Aspects. 2011. International Journal of Modern Physics D 20: 1643
- Sivaram C, Kenath Arun. 2012. Primordial Rotation of the Universe, Hydrodynamics, Vortices and Angular Momenta of Celestial Objects. The Open Astronomy Journal 5: 7-11.
- Magueijo Jo˜ao et al. 2013. Cosmology with a spin. Rev. D 87: 063504
- Michael Buser, Endre Kajari, and Wolfgang P. Schleich. 2013. Visualization of the Gödel universe. New Journal of Physics 1: 013063
- Korotky Vladimir A, Eduard Masár Yuri N Obukhov. 2020. In the Quest for Cosmic Rotation. Universe 6: 14
- Calcagni Gianluca et al. Lectures on classical and quantum cosmology. PoS (CORFU2021) 317, 2022
- Pavan Kumar Aluri et al. 2023. Is the observable Universe consistent with the cosmological principle? Quantum Grav. 40, 094001
- Shamir L. 2022. Asymmetry in Galaxy Spin Directions-Analysis of Data from DES and Comparison to Four Other Sky Surveys. Universe, 8: 397
- Seshavatharam U.V.S, Lakshminarayana S. 2021. On the role of cosmic mass in understanding the relationships among galactic dark matter, visible matter and flat rotation speeds. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics. 10(1): 1-15
- David Hogg. Distance Measures in Cosmology. arXiv:astro-ph/9905116, 2000
- Hawking S.W. 1976. Black holes and thermodynamics. Rev. D, 13:191-197
- Popławski, N. 2012. Nonsingular, big-bounce cosmology from spinor-torsion coupling. Physical Review D. 85 (10): 107502
- Razieh Pourhasan et al. 2014. Out of the white hole: a holographic origin for the Big Bang. JCAP, 04, 005
- Tatum E.T. and Seshavatharam, U.V.S. 2021. Flat Space Cosmology – A New Model of the Universe Incorporating Astronomical Observations of Black Holes, Dark Energy and Dark Matter. Universal Publishers, Irvine.
- Zhang T. X. 2022. Black Hole Universe – A Complete Structure of the Entire Spacetime. Progress in Physics 18(2): 120-125
- Wang, P. et al. 2021. Possible observational evidence for cosmic filament spin. Astron. 5: 839-845
- Kevin S. Croker et al. 2021. Cosmologically Coupled Compact Objects: A Single-parameter Model for LIGO–Virgo Mass and Redshift Distributions Cosmologically Coupled Compact Objects: A Single-parameter Model for LIGO–Virgo Mass and Redshift Distributions. ApJL 921 L22
- Xavier Calmet, Stephen D.H. Hsu. 2022. Quantum hair and black hole information. Physics Letters B, 827: 136995
Download all article in PDF