ABSTRACT
The process of fast pyrolysis using biomass to produce bio-oil or pyrolysis oil for application as
an energy source and a chemical feedstock is of interest in this study. The literature on biomass fast
pyrolysis is surveyed here and how parameter such as feed rate, temperature, rate of heating, and
residence time affects the process. Investigation for this work includes the pyrolysis of sawdust and
bagasse through fast pyrolysis in an auger reactor. Temperatures between 350 C and 450 C have
been applied to characterize the yields and reactor problem has been identified. This work reports the
problems faced with the twin screw reactor, troubleshooting which will result in bio-oil, one of the
main products of fast pyrolysis. System produced solid biofuel or bio-char much of which is in the
research phase as a climate change mitigation tool. Further use of professional CAD software to model
and optimize the system has also been covered. Based on which suitable design changes are also
developed to overcome the problems. Analysis of feed material and the solid biofuel is covered in this
work as well. Pyrolysis experiments can be done using a wide range of biomass feeds. But not much
of it has been studied in twin screw reactors. This scant knowledge over the study of such alternative
fuel has been the reason to look into this activity.
The process of fast pyrolysis using biomass to produce bio-oil or pyrolysis oil for application as
an energy source and a chemical feedstock is of interest in this study. The literature on biomass fast
pyrolysis is surveyed here and how parameter such as feed rate, temperature, rate of heating, and
residence time affects the process. Investigation for this work includes the pyrolysis of sawdust and
bagasse through fast pyrolysis in an auger reactor. Temperatures between 350 C and 450 C have
been applied to characterize the yields and reactor problem has been identified. This work reports the
problems faced with the twin screw reactor, troubleshooting which will result in bio-oil, one of the
main products of fast pyrolysis. System produced solid biofuel or bio-char much of which is in the
research phase as a climate change mitigation tool. Further use of professional CAD software to model
and optimize the system has also been covered. Based on which suitable design changes are also
developed to overcome the problems. Analysis of feed material and the solid biofuel is covered in this
work as well. Pyrolysis experiments can be done using a wide range of biomass feeds. But not much
of it has been studied in twin screw reactors. This scant knowledge over the study of such alternative
fuel has been the reason to look into this activity.
References
[1] Maples, J. D.; Moore, J. S.; Patterson, P. D.; Schaper, V. D. Alternative Fuels for U. S.
Transportation. Presented at the TRB Workshop on Air Quality Impacts of
Conventional and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Paper No. A1F03/A1F06, 1998 (available
via the Internet at http://www.es.anl.gov/
Energy_Systems/Publications/publications1998.html).
[2] Walsh, M. P., Highway Vehicle Activity Trends and Their Implications for Global
Warming: The United States in an International Context. In Transportation and Energy:
Strategies for a Sustainable Transportation System; American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy: Washington, DC, 1995.
[3] A.V. bridgwater, Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading, Biomass
Bioenergy 38 (2012) 68-94
[4] P.J. de Wild, Biomass Pyrolysis for Chemicals, PhD Dissertation (2011)
[5] U. Hornung, P. Schneider, A. Hornung, V. Tumiatti, H. Seifert, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis
85 (2009) 145-150.
[6] Davis, S. C. Transportation Energy Data Book 18, Technical Report ORNL-6941, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, September 1998 (available via the Internet
at http://cta.ornl.gov/data/Index.shtml)
[7] Biomass Gasification: A Comprehensive Demonstration of a Community Scale
Biomass Energy System USDA Final Report, Joel Tallaksen, Ph.D. Biomass
Gasification Project Coordinator West Central Research and Outreach Center
University of Minnesota.
[8] Knight, J. A.; Bowen, M. D.; Purdy, K. R. Pyrolysiss, A method for conversion of
forestry wastes to useful fuels. Presented at the Conference on Energy and Wood
Products Industry, Forest Products Research Society, Atlanta, GA, 1976.
[9] Peacocke, G. V. C.; Bridgwater, A. V. Ablative fast pyrolysis of biomass for liquids:
results and analyses. In Bio-oil Production and Utilisation; Bridgwater, A. V., Hogan, E.
H., Eds.; CPL Press: Newbury, U.K., 1996; pp 35-48.
[10] Czernik, S.; Johnson, D. K.; Black, S. Biomass Bioenergy 7(1-6) (1994) 187-192.
[11] Churin, E.; Delmon, B. What can we do with pyrolysis oils? In Pyrolysis and
Gasification; Ferrero, G. L., Maniatis, K., Buekens, A., Bridgwater, A. V., Eds.;
Elsevier Applied Science: London, 1989; pp. 326-333.
[12] Putun E., Energy Sources 24(3) (2003) 275-285.
[13] Bridgwater A. V.; Czernik, S.; Piskorz, J. An overview of fast pyrolysis. In Progress in
Thermochemical Biomass ConVersion, Volume 2; Bridgwater, A. V., Ed.; Blackwell
Science: London, 2001, pp. 977-997.
[14] Bridgwater, A. V.; Kuester, J. L. Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion;
Elsevier Science Publishers: London, 1991.
[15] Demirbas, A., J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 71 (2004) 803-815.
[16] Yeh, A. Hwang, S. Guo, J. Effects of Screw Speed and Feed Rate on Residence Time
Distribution and Axial Mixing of Wheat Flour in a Twin-Screw Extruder; Elsevier,
Journal of Food Engineering, 1992, pp. 3-5.
[1] Maples, J. D.; Moore, J. S.; Patterson, P. D.; Schaper, V. D. Alternative Fuels for U. S.
Transportation. Presented at the TRB Workshop on Air Quality Impacts of
Conventional and Alternative Fuel Vehicles, Paper No. A1F03/A1F06, 1998 (available
via the Internet at http://www.es.anl.gov/
Energy_Systems/Publications/publications1998.html).
[2] Walsh, M. P., Highway Vehicle Activity Trends and Their Implications for Global
Warming: The United States in an International Context. In Transportation and Energy:
Strategies for a Sustainable Transportation System; American Council for an EnergyEfficient Economy: Washington, DC, 1995.
[3] A.V. bridgwater, Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading, Biomass
Bioenergy 38 (2012) 68-94
[4] P.J. de Wild, Biomass Pyrolysis for Chemicals, PhD Dissertation (2011)
[5] U. Hornung, P. Schneider, A. Hornung, V. Tumiatti, H. Seifert, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis
85 (2009) 145-150.
[6] Davis, S. C. Transportation Energy Data Book 18, Technical Report ORNL-6941, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, September 1998 (available via the Internet
at http://cta.ornl.gov/data/Index.shtml)
[7] Biomass Gasification: A Comprehensive Demonstration of a Community Scale
Biomass Energy System USDA Final Report, Joel Tallaksen, Ph.D. Biomass
Gasification Project Coordinator West Central Research and Outreach Center
University of Minnesota.
[8] Knight, J. A.; Bowen, M. D.; Purdy, K. R. Pyrolysiss, A method for conversion of
forestry wastes to useful fuels. Presented at the Conference on Energy and Wood
Products Industry, Forest Products Research Society, Atlanta, GA, 1976.
[9] Peacocke, G. V. C.; Bridgwater, A. V. Ablative fast pyrolysis of biomass for liquids:
results and analyses. In Bio-oil Production and Utilisation; Bridgwater, A. V., Hogan, E.
H., Eds.; CPL Press: Newbury, U.K., 1996; pp 35-48.
[10] Czernik, S.; Johnson, D. K.; Black, S. Biomass Bioenergy 7(1-6) (1994) 187-192.
[11] Churin, E.; Delmon, B. What can we do with pyrolysis oils? In Pyrolysis and
Gasification; Ferrero, G. L., Maniatis, K., Buekens, A., Bridgwater, A. V., Eds.;
Elsevier Applied Science: London, 1989; pp. 326-333.
[12] Putun E., Energy Sources 24(3) (2003) 275-285.
[13] Bridgwater A. V.; Czernik, S.; Piskorz, J. An overview of fast pyrolysis. In Progress in
Thermochemical Biomass ConVersion, Volume 2; Bridgwater, A. V., Ed.; Blackwell
Science: London, 2001, pp. 977-997.
[14] Bridgwater, A. V.; Kuester, J. L. Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion;
Elsevier Science Publishers: London, 1991.
[15] Demirbas, A., J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 71 (2004) 803-815.
[16] Yeh, A. Hwang, S. Guo, J. Effects of Screw Speed and Feed Rate on Residence Time
Distribution and Axial Mixing of Wheat Flour in a Twin-Screw Extruder; Elsevier,
Journal of Food Engineering, 1992, pp. 3-5.
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