ABSTRACT
This study aims to screen for phytochemicals and quantify phytoconstituents of Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae) leaf extracts. Qualitative screening of secondary metabolites and quantitative screening of flavonoid, phenol, and alkaloid was performed on the G. arborea methanolic extract GMM1, hydroalcoholic GMHA, and aqueous extract GMA. In vitro, antioxidant activity was done by spectrophotometric methods (DPPH, HRS, and PFRAP) and TLC-DPPH bioautographic assay. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting parameters were optimized for G. arborea serial exhaustive extraction for hexane (GMHE), ethyl acetate (GMEA), and methanol (GMM2). Anisaldehyde sulphuric acid (ANS) and natural product/polyethylene glycol (PEG) reagents were used to derivatize TLC plates. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids was confirmed in all kinds of extracts by preliminary phytochemical. G. arborea extracts contained a significant quantity of flavonoids (8.843 ± 0.0185 to 11.242 ± 0.021 mgQE/g) and phenol (19.395 ± 0.01 to 20.202 ± 0.0058 mgGAE/g) contains. GMHA has significant flavonoid and phenol content. Through spectrophotometric GMHA revealed significant antioxidant activity. Each extract has a distinct chromatographic profile at 254 nm and 366nm based on dissolution. GMEA extract contained the most bands; 10 at 254 nm and 12 at 366 nm. According to the results of the practical investigation, GMHA extract addresses potential scavenging activity with the scientific provision of direct bioautographic procedures. These characteristics might be linked to the high phenolic and flavonoid content. As a result, it may have practical applications in the treatment of illnesses induced by free radicals and stress.
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