ABSTRACT
In the recent decades, there has been a huge energy demand due to the exponential increase of the human population and consequently, the depletion of non-renewable energy sources. This creates the need to explore alternate routes for renewable energy resources. Recently, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is being considered a promising alternative due to their mild operating conditions and the ability to use variety of biodegradable substrates as fuel. This environment-friendly process converts chemical energy of organic waste into electricity through electroactive microbes. The review covers various aspects like the anodic/cathodic materials and select microbial/enzymatic electrochemical cathodic reactions. The critical review of different classes of wastes that can be employed for bio-energy generation, power output, challenges and the limitations are also described.
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