ABSTRACT
Introduction: The study aimed at appraising whether there is significant reduction in daily COVID-19 cases and deaths after considering the effects of vaccinations and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Methods: Linear mixed effects regression model was explored to capture the differences in daily COVID-19 cases and deaths after accounting for the effects of vaccinations and nonpharmaceutical interventions across Argentina, Australia, China, Egypt, United Kingdom and United States of America from January 01, 2020 to April 25, 2021. The data were obtained from Our World in Data (owid). Results: The results obtained revealed that nonpharmaceutical interventions could trigger significant reduction in both daily COVID-19 cases and deaths compared to vaccinations that performed otherwise, and that the random effects in the data vary across the countries under study. Further results showed that neglecting random effects could hide the true performance of vaccinations and nonpharmaceutical interventions amounting to biased parameters and misleading inferences. Conclusion: It is evident in the study that the rate of vaccination coverage is not sufficient to upset tangible reduction in COVID-19 cases and deaths, and that the nonpharmaceutical interventions are ever effective. It is therefore recommended that possible combination of vaccination and nonpharmaceutical interventions could go a long way in handling and managing COVID-19 pandemic.
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