https://doi.org/10.65770/FCWW7326
ABSTRACT
This study examined the effect of pH and the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of atrazine, an herbicide whose environmental behaviour is governed by sorption–desorption processes at solid–liquid interfaces, on activated charcoal, kaolin, and their composites. Batch experiments were conducted over pH 5–8, and time‑dependent concentration changes were measured at pH 5 to model kinetic behaviour. Atrazine adsorption was essentially independent of pH in the range 5–8, consistent with its predominantly neutral speciation above pH 5. Under these conditions, electrostatic attraction between charged species is unlikely; adsorption is instead attributed mainly to van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, and weak hydrogen bonding between atrazine functional groups and hydroxyl‑rich surfaces. Adsorption kinetic data were fitted to zero‑, first‑ and second‑order models. Second‑order plots did not obey linearity, and zero‑order fits were generally poor. First‑order treatment of the data produced saturation‑type plots consistent with Langmuir monolayer adsorption, with equilibrium achieved in about 50 minutes on all surfaces. First‑order rate constants ranged from 0.077 to 0.090 day⁻¹, corresponding to half‑lives of 7.70–9.00 days, and composite matrices did not significantly enhance adsorption relative to the pure materials. Desorption, initiated after sorption equilibrium, was also analysed using zero‑, first‑ and second‑order models. Zero‑order plots showed reasonable linearity, but first‑order analysis again yielded saturation behaviour with clear approach to equilibrium. Desorption rate constants were 0.017–0.052 day⁻¹ with half‑lives of 34.65–46.20 days. Overall, in the environmentally relevant pH window, atrazine sorption and desorption on these adsorbents are dominated by non‑electrostatic interactions and are well described by first‑order, Langmuir‑type kinetics.
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