ABSTRACT
Aquatic ecosystems are complex habitats hosting diverse species with distinct morphological adaptations to ecological pressures. This study investigates the morphometric characteristics of two prawn species, Macrobrachium macrobrachion and M. vollenhovenii, from the Calabar River, Nigeria. Morphometric data were gathered from 100 individuals of M. vollenhovenii and 85 of M. macrobrachion. Measurements included total length, carapace length, and rostrum length. An independent samples t-test compared these traits between the species. Results showed significant differences in several parameters, with M. vollenhovenii displaying larger mean values in total length, carapace length, head length, telson length, and appendage dimensions (p < 0.05). These differences suggest size-related adaptations, feeding strategies, and habitat preferences contributing to niche partitioning and coexistence. Eye diameter showed no significant difference (p = 0.81), indicating conserved visual needs. The morphometric variations highlight the interaction between morphology and adaptive strategies in response to habitat dynamics. The larger size of M. vollenhovenii may offer competitive and reproductive advantages. Differences in appendage measurements suggest specialization in feeding and substrate use. This study enriches our understanding of prawn biology, their ecological roles, and potential responses to environmental changes, aiding in conservation efforts and sustainable management of the Calabar River ecosystem.
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