ABSTRACT
This present study aimed at the efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution using citric acid modified chicken feathers. The chicken feathers were washed, ground, defatted with chloroform, dried, and modified with 1M citric acid. The Citric acid Modified Chicken Feathers (CMCF) were used for the adsorption of Cadmium ions. The adsorption process was conducted using the batch method at various factors such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature. The properties of the samples before and after the adsorption process were analyzed using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results obtained were studied with the isotherms, which revealed a significant increase in the adsorption capacity of the CMCF. The FTIR graphs depicted some changes after the defatting of the Raw Chicken Feathers, the protein-associated peaks –1625, 1524 and 1237 cm⁻¹ were more prominent after the defatting process as the fat/lipid removal reduced the interference. Also, the equilibrium study of the adsorption process with CMCF was best fitted into the Temkin Isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. However, Freundlich Isotherm model was also close, with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. It could be exerted that the adsorption trend of the CMCF was best described by the Freundlich and pseudo second-order kinetic models. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters showed that the process of adsorption of Cd+ by the CMCF adsorbent was spontaneous and endothermic. Hence, the adsorbent CMCF can be used as a low-cost alternative to other commercially used adsorbents for the removal of Cd ions from wastewater.
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