Effects of process factors on the characteristics of water based mud viscosified by kaolin and bentonite

ABSTRACT

This study focused on the effects of process factors on the characteristics of water based mud viscosified by kaolin and bentonite. The kaolin was processed and beneficiated to remove impurities, and then characterized alongside with the bentonite to ascertain their oxide compositions. Beneficiated kaolin and bentonite (viscosifiers) were used to formulate water based mud samples. The mud was characterized to determine the values of the rheological and allied properties. Then, interactive effects of the viscosifier dosage (7wt% – 11wt%), temperature (303K -325K) and mixing time (25 min – 35 min) on the viscosity and yield point of the mud were examined using response surface methodology. Analyses of the results show that the dominant oxides of the samples are SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, CaO and Fe₂O₃. The mud weight, pH, rpm readings, apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point, yield point/plastic viscosity and gel strengths are within the recognized standard (American Petroleum Institute). Viscosity of the mud increased with increase in the dosage of kaolin or bentonite. The optimum viscosity and yield point responses of the water based drilling mud have close approximate values of the average experimental and predicted viscosity values of WBM. Quadratic model adequately predicted the relationship between the responses (viscosity and yield point) and the process variables (dosage, temperature and time). Kaolin should be applied as a substitute to commercial bentonite in the enhancement of the rheological properties of water based drilling mud.

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WSN 192 (2024) 270-288

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