ABSTRACT
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop and grain legume grown
worldwide. The groundnut seed has dual advantage of being important as a source of edible oil as well
as protein. However, it is self pollinating and possesses limited variability. Despite its long history of
cultivation, broad sub-specific variability and wide geographic distribution of the cultivated
groundnut, defects in its genetic composition with respect to requirement of man are wide spread and
for many of these no remedial resources are known to exist among its varietal forms. The exploitation
of genetic resources from wild species is extremely difficult because of ploidy differences between
cultivated tetraploid and diploid wild species coupled with compatibility barriers except with Arachis
section. To induce polygenic variability for yield and its components in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
var. VRI-2 were treated with γ-radiation (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 KR). Effects of gamma rays
treatment were observed in M1 generation gradually reduced in all parameters except days to first
flower to increase concentration of treatment. In M2, M3 and M4 populations, the significant increase
of grain yields and yield components of Groundnut were observed. Potential high yielding mutants
were identified in progenies of treated seeds.
References
[1] Arulbalachandran (2006). Effect of physical and chemical mutagenesis in lack gram
(Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper.). Ph.D., Thesis, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar, India.
[2] Avila, R and B. R. Murty, “Cowpea and Mungbean Im- provement by Mutation
Induction,” Mutation Breeding Newsletter, Vol. 21, 1983, p. 9.
[3] Balakrishnan, P.C., 1991. Induced mutagenesis in soybean (Glycine max (L.)
Merill). Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agrl. Univ.,
[4] Benslimani.N.and L. Khelifi, “Induction of Dormancy in Spanish Groundnut Seeds
(Arachis hypogaea L.) Using Cobalt 60 Gamma Irradiation,” In: Q. Y. Shu, Ed., Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era, Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO), Rome, 2009, pp. 381-384.
[5] Cheng, T.S. and J.M. Chandlee, 1999. The structural, biochemical and genetic
characterization of a new radiation-induced, variegated leaf mutant of soybean (Glycine
max (L.) Merr.). Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc., 23(1): 27-37.
[6] Chopra, V. L. “Mutagenesis: Investigating the Process and Processing the Outcome for
Crop Improvement,” Current Science, Vol. 89, No. 2, 2005, pp. 353-359.
[7] Cox, H.E. and D. Pearson, 1962. In: Chemical analysis of foods. Chemical Publishing
Co., Inc., New York, 420.
[8] Devi, S. A and L. Mullainathan, “Effect of Gamma Rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate
(EMS) in M3 Generation of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper),” African Jour- nal of
Biotechnology, Vol. 11, No. 15, 2012, pp. 3548-3552.
[9] Dhole, V.J., J.J. Maheshwari and S. Patil, 2003. Studies on mutations induced by EMS
in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Agric. Sci. Digest., 23(3): 226-228.
[10] Geetha, K., 1994. Studies on induced mutation in two distinct varieties of soybean
(Glycine max (L.) Merill). Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agrl. Univ., Coimbatore, India.
[11] Juliet Hepziba, S. and M. Subramanian, 2002. Induced macromutants in M3 and M4
generations of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Crop Res., 24(1): 63-66.
[12] Khan, S. and M.R. Wani, 2005. Genetic variability and correlations studies in chickpea
mutants. J. Cytol. Genet. 6(2): 155-160.
[13] Lowry, O., N. Rosenbrough, A. Farr and R.Randall, 1951. Protein measurement with
thefolin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
[14] Mandal, S., Badigannavar, A. M., Kale, D. M. and Murty, G. S. S., 2007, Induction of
genetic variability in a disease-resistant groundnut breeding line. BARC News Lett., 285:
237-246
[15] Micke, A., “Improvement of Grain Legume Production Using Induced Mutations,”
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Pullman, 1-5 July 1986, pp. 1-51.
[16] Mudibu, J., K. K. Nkongolo, A. Kalonji-Mbuyi and R. Kizungu, “Effect of Gamma
Irradiation on Morpho-Ag- ronomic Characteristics of Soybeans (Glycine max L.),”
American Journal of Plant Science, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2010, pp. 331-337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.33039
[17] Mudibu, J., K. K. Nkongolo, M. Mehes-Smith and A. Kalonji-Mbuyi, “Genetic
Analysis of a Soybean Genetic Pool Using ISSR Marker: Effect of Gamma Radiation
on Genetic Variability,” International Journal of Plant Breed- ing and Genetics, Vol. 5,
No. 3, 2011, pp. 235-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijpbg.2011.235.245
[18] Nadaf, H. L., S. B. Kaveri, K. Madhusudan and B. N. Motagi, “Induced Genetic
Variability for Yield and Yield Components in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.),” In: Q.
Y. Shu, Ed., Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era., Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, 2009, pp. 346-348.
[19] Odeigah, P.G.C., A.O. Osanyinpeju and G.O. Myers, 1998. Induced mutations in
cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Rev. Biol. Trop., 46(3): 579-586.
[20] A. O. Ojomo, O. Omueti, J. A. Raji and O. Omueti, “Studies in Induced Mutation in
Cowpea, 5. The Variation in Protein Content Following Ionizing Radiation,” Journal of
Applied Science, Vol. 21, 1979, pp. 61-64.
[21] Papa, K.E., J.H. Williams and D.G. Hanway, 1961. Effectiveness of selection of
quantitative characters in third generation following irradiation of soybean seeds with
X-rays and thermal neutrons. Crop Sci., 1: 87-90.
[22] Pavadai, P. and D. Dhanavel, 2004. Effect of EMS, DES and colchicine treatment in
soybean. Crop Res., 28(1-3): 118-120.
[23] Pavadai, P. and D. Dhanavel, 2005. Effect of gamma rays on yield and its components
in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. var. CO 1). Crop Res., 30(3): 459-461.
[24] Pavadai, P., Girija, M. and Dhanavel, D., M. Effectiveness and efficiency and
biochemical content of physical and chemical mutagens in soybean (Glycine max (L.)
Merr.). Journal of Phytology, 1(6): 444-447, 2009.
[25] Pavadai, P., 2006. Studies on induced mutagenesis on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Annamala University, Annamalai Nagar, India.
[26] Pepol, P. and P. Pepo, 1989. Preliminary experiment on inducing soybean mutants by
fast neutron seed irradiation. Soybean Abstracts, 12(5): 4-7.
[27] Prabhakar, L.V., 1985. Studies on induced mutagenesis in Sesamum indicum L. M.Sc.
(Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
[28] Routaray. B. N., R. G. Mishra and S. N. Das, “Genetic Variability and Effectiveness of
Some Chemical Mutagens on Blackgram in Relation to Resistance Source against
Meloidogyne incognita,” Current Agricultural Research, Vol. 8, No. 3-4, 1995, pp. 113-
118.
[29] Sengupta, S. and A.K. Datta, 2004. Chemical mutagen induced polygenic variability in
sesame. J. Cytol. Genet., 5(2): 125-128.
[30] Takagi, Y and T. Anai, “Development of Novel Fatty Acid Composition in Soybean Oil
by Induced Mutation,” Oleoscience, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2006, pp. 195-203.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.6.195
Download all article in PDF
Support the magazine and subscribe to the content
This is premium stuff. Subscribe to read the entire article.