A Comparative Study of the Proximate Compositions and Oil Characterization of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and Bambara (Vigna subterranean) Seeds Harvested in Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The quest for seed oils that can serve as raw materials for industries as well as comprise of some nutritional and physiological benefits has led to this present study. The proximate compositions and oil characterization of the seeds of the three plants such as sesame, groundnut and bambara grown in Nigeria were studied and compared.   The proximate contents of the seeds varied as follows: moisture content (3.753% for sesame; 9.617% for groundnut; 6.536% for bambara), ash content (4.668% for sesame; 9.015% for groundnut; 4.281% for bambara), fat content (8.934% for sesame; 28.754% for groundnut and 0.943% for bambara), fibre content (3.376 % for sesame, 4.586% for groundnut; 4.801% for bambara), protein content (5.60 % for sesame; 4.20 % for groundnut and 9.80% for bambara), carbohydrate content (73.669 % for sesame, 43.828 % for groundnut, 73.639 % for bambara). The seed oils were physico-chemically characterized with range for pH (7.08-8.20), colour (brown-milky), specific gravity (0.882-0.965), viscosity (145-198 mpa.s), acid value (4.994-7.831 mgKOH/g), free fatty acid (2.497-3.916 %), iodine value (59.643–101.520 gI₂/100g), peroxide value (27.00-36.40 mleqperoxide/g) and saponification value (161.719-369.153 mgKOH/g).The fatty acid profile conducted showed the presence of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acid contents of the seed oils (C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:2, C20:3, C20:4, C20:5, C22:6 and C24:5) dominated over the saturated fatty acid contents (C12, C14, C16, C18). From the research results, we can draw the conclusion that the seeds and seed oils from the three different plants are edible and have nutritional, medicinal and industrially values. The physico-chemical properties

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