ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the anti-trypanosomal and chemo-suppressive anti-malarial activities of the leaf extracts of Hyptis suaveolens and Hyptis atrorubens. Methanol extracts of the leaves of both plants were obtained using cold extraction. The extracts were screened for anti-trypanosomal and chemo-suppressive anti-malarial activities using mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi and Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) respectively. The minimum lethal dose (LD50) of both extracts was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in parasitaemia (T. evansi) level of infected mice occurred from 26.80 ± 1.11% to 5.00 ± 0.36% and 5.50 ± 0.57% for H. suaveolens and H. atrorubens respectively at 1000 mg/kg body weight. The standard drug (Tryponil® for trypanosomiasis at 3.5 mg/kg achieved 100 ± 0.00% parasitaemia clearance. The plasmodium-infected mice treated with 1000 mg/kg of H. atrorubens extract exhibited a higher percentage chemosuppression (86.10 ± 8.00) than H. suaveolens (67.95 ± 7.12) in the anti-malarial test model. Both were found to compare favourably with the standard drug (chloroquine) (54.57 ± 10.41). Extracts of H. suaveolens and H. atrorubens demonstrated moderate anti-trypanosomal and anti-malarial activities. The extracts showed no acute toxic effect on mice.
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