ABSTRACT
The automotive industry is undergoing a transformative shift with the evolution of electric vehicles (EVs), driven by a confluence of technological advancements, environmental considerations, and changing consumer preferences. This Review provides an overview of a comprehensive review that examines the trends shaping the evolution of electric vehicles in both the USA and the global landscape. The review delves into the historical progression of electric vehicles, highlighting key milestones and breakthroughs in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and vehicle design. It explores the factors driving the surge in EV adoption, emphasizing the growing awareness of environmental sustainability and the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The comparative analysis includes an in-depth examination of the USA’s role as a major player in the global electric vehicle market, considering policy initiatives, industry collaborations, and consumer adoption patterns. Furthermore, the review investigates the challenges associated with widespread EV adoption, including concerns about charging infrastructure, battery range, and manufacturing scalability. Global trends are examined through case studies of leading countries in EV adoption, such as China and countries in Europe, providing valuable insights into diverse regulatory frameworks, incentive programs, and technological innovations that have shaped their EV landscapes. The Review concludes by outlining potential future directions for the electric vehicle industry, including advancements in battery technology, the role of renewable energy integration, and the emergence of autonomous electric vehicles. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to address the challenges and capitalize on the opportunities in fostering a sustainable and widespread transition to electric vehicles. This review contributes to the understanding of the dynamic landscape of electric vehicles, offering insights into the key drivers, challenges, and future trajectories that will shape the evolution of transportation and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.
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