ABSTRACT
This study aimed at antifungal screening of local herbs on yeast and moulds isolated from rice farmers in Ebonyi State. The isolates of yeast and moulds species tested included; Aspergillus flavus, A. tamarii, A. nomius and Candida albicans. Extracts of five medicinal plants; Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Emilia sonchifolia, Senna alata and Senna occidentalis used by the farmers to treat aspergillosis and candidiasis were evaluated in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the plant extracts were evaluated using broth microdilution method and spread plate methods respectively. Terbinafine (125 mg) oral granules were used in the study as quality control antifungal agent. The range of MIC for n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether and hot water extracts of the medicinal plants against the fungal isolates tested was 2 – 15 µg/ml, 8 – 32 µg/ml, 4 – 17 µg/ml and 10 – 32 µg/ml respectively. All the isolates of yeast and moulds tested were susceptible to the five plant extracts used in the study. They were susceptible to n-hexane, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts used in the study but less susceptible to hot water extract. Terbinafine was most effective against the test fungi with MIC ranging from 2 – 6 µg/ml. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranged from 5 – 32 µg/ml. The most significant MFC (5 µg/ml) was observed on n-hexane extracts of C. citratus against C. albicans. The comparative results of antifungal susceptibility patterns of the test fungi to examined plant extracts indicated that the sensitivity to terbinafine (2 µg/ml) by the test fungi was higher than to the plant extracts (5 µg/ml) with significant difference (P<0.05). These plant materials should be harnessed as they hold promising potential source of new drugs for the management and treatment of yeast and mould infections.
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