ABSTRACT
FAO (2006) mentions some of the main producers of tilapia, such as Southeast Asia, East Asia, Africa, Latin America, and North America. China is one of the largest tilapia exporting countries in the world, with a total export of 402,000 tons, generally the tilapia exported is used as tilapia fillet, which costs up to 4.6 USD, until the total profit reaches 26 trillion rupiah. In the Southeast Asian region, tilapia exports reached 3.3 million tons in 2012 and one of the largest tilapia producing countries is Indonesia. Generally, tilapia is exported to various countries in the United States, the European Union, and the Middle East. One of the technologies applied in tilapia cultivation is biofloc technology. Biofloc technology is a technology that utilizes microorganisms and organic matter contained in waters to improve the quality of aquaculture media. This technology utilizes a symbiosis of mutualism between heterotrophic organisms that will produce flocs in the cultivation medium that function in increasing biosecurity in aquaculture ponds, increasing FCR, improving water quality, water use efficiency during the maintenance period, and land use efficiency. Common problems faced in the application of tilapia biofloc are water quality management, tilapia growth management, fish feed management, and waste management. Several technological engineering techniques are used for more optimal management of tilapia cultivation in biofloc, such as monitoring water quality using the Internet of Things (IoT) and the use of automatic feeders for automatic feeding that is adjusted to the time and eating habits of tilapia. In addition, tilapia cultivation using biofloc can also be used as one of the educational tours for the community.
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