Quinoxaline-Thiazole Hybrid Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, In-Silico Molecular Docking, and ADME Studies

ABSTRACT

In this study, we have reported on the synthesis and characterization of potent antimicrobial hybrid derivatives incorporating quinoxaline and thiazole nucleus. The compounds [RK-1 to RK-9] were synthesized using established organic synthetic methodologies and confirmed via spectroscopic techniques including MS, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated through comprehensive in-vitro studies against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms, revealing promising inhibitory effects. Antimicrobial screening showed that compounds RK-1, RK-2 and RK-4 exhibited equipotent antibacterial activity compared to the standard drug chloramphenicol with MIC. Molecular docking study could support these outcomes by demonstrating very good binding affinities at the active site of DNA gyrase, iterating the potential of this scaffold for further optimization. In silico ADME analyses confirmed favourable pharmacokinetic profiles compliant with Lipinski’s criteria, indicating excellent drug-likeness.

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