ABSTRACT
Geochemical investigations were conducted on the sediments of the Lokoja Formation, situated between latitudes 07°59’00”N to 08°03’00”N and longitudes 006° 45’ 30”E to 006°46’30”E in the Middle Benue Trough. The study aimed to analyze the elemental composition, mineralogical maturity, chemical classification provenance, paleoclimatic conditions, and tectonic setting of the exposure at Ohono and its surroundings. Field observations indicated the presence of coarse-fine grained sandstone, and siltstone in the study area. Six sandstone samples were chosen for geochemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results highlighted an enrichment of Fe2O3 and relatively low SiO2, indicative of chemical weathering. A bivariate plot of SiO2 against Al2O3 + K2O + Na2O suggested semi-arid to semi-humid climatic zones. The calculated Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) average values indicated a significant degree of weathering and reworking, leading to the removal of feldspars, as evidenced by major element geochemistry. Discriminant function analysis suggested an ultramafic provenance for the samples. Moreover, higher ratios of Ni, Co, and Cr were observed. Binary plots of Na against Mg and Fe2O3 against MgO confirmed the continental origin of the samples, as they were situated in the non-marine and deltaic sandstone fields. Various chemical classification schemes identified the sediments as quartz-arenite and Fe-rich sand. Additionally, plots of log(K2O/Na2O) against SiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 versus log(K2O/Na2O) discrimination diagrams confirmed the samples to be associated with an Active Continental Margin (ACM) to Passive Continental Margin (PM) setting.
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