ABSTRACT
Maritime passenger transport entails significant risks and threats against the environment. The existing International rules – from the MARPOL 73/78 Convention to the European Regulations and Directives and ISO standards- aim to avoid pollution both in the high seas and in the ports. Concepts such as Green port or Smart port arise from an effort to make better use of the available resources, increasing efficiency, better energy use, use of the information and telecommunications technologies (ICT), and the lowest environmental impact. Furthermore, technics and programmes of energy management have been developed for the same purposes also. This paper reviews the main rules in the matter, as well as the most innovative technologies aiming to improve the shipping performance. All this, together with the investment effort from ports and ships, and the enforcement of a more stringent international legislation, seem to be the key to tackle the impacts brought about by this kind of traffic.
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