ABSTRACT
The conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity is increasingly threatened by global environmental changes. This study investigates species diversity, seasonal population dynamics, and habitat use of fish in the Qua River, Calabar, Nigeria, to inform conservation strategies. Fish species were monitored over four months to assess the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, turbidity, and pH on seasonal variations during the dry and rainy seasons. Results revealed that Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus was the most abundant species during the rainy season, whereas Pellonula leonensis dominated the dry season. Morphometric analysis demonstrated significant seasonal effects on fish attributes, although head length and width remained consistent. A statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01, two-tailed) indicated the strong influence of seasonal variations on fish population dynamics. These findings underscore the importance of adaptive management strategies for conserving freshwater ecosystems, particularly in the face of climate change and habitat alterations. Implementing evidence-based conservation measures will be crucial in maintaining fish biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of aquatic resources in the Qua River and similar freshwater systems.
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