A Holistic Review of three-Decade Oil Spillage across the Niger Delta Region, with Emphasis on its Impact on Soil and Water

ABSTRACT

This article aims to review studies on the impact of oil spillages on soil and water within the Niger Delta Region (NDR). Secondary information, citing relevant articles from Google search engine that discussed the effects of oil spills on the ecosystem was retrieved. Carefully selected papers published throughout the last thirty years served as the articles for this investigation. Keywords that were specifically considered in the searches that make up the secondary information were oil spillage within the NDR, water quality, soil quality, oil spillage devastation, etc. Findings from this study suggested that there has been a decline in water quality, acidification of soils and rainwater, corrosion of metal house roofs, and significant increases in concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, and dissolved solids in water resources, especially, around oil-producing communities of NDR. The presented results lack appropriate and adequate qualitative and quantitative data that justifies 30-year period assessments of soil and water quality within the region, due to oil spillages on soil and water.  This study suggests that to mitigate the negative effects of oil spillage, people should view it as a “violent action against them” and that periodic sensitization campaigns should be implemented. The conclusion is not in line with the study’s title and aim, which was to holistically assess the effects of a 30-year period of oil spillages on soil and water.The conclusion of the study, therefore, should be on study findings, with regards to the quality and profiles of the soil and water in the Niger Delta region, and recommendations on the findings.

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