Assessment of the potential of Pterocarpus osun Craib to remediate crude oil-contaminated soil in the Niger Delta

ABSTRACT

Crude oil pollution affects biodiversity by inhibiting seed germination and plant growth, among other physiological and metabolic obstructions. Some leguminous tree plants have a high tolerance for hydrocarbon pollutants and could prove valuable in the remediation of polluted land. This study aimed to assess the potential of Pterocarpus osun to remediate crude oil-tainted soil in the Niger Delta. The germination and growth rates were determined following standard procedures conducted under a controlled environment. Soil pH, organic matter, fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium), and exchangeable bases (magnesium, sodium and calcium) were determined following standard protocol. The percentage germination and coefficient of velocity (COV) for the plant treated with 0 ml crude oil spiked soil extract was 28% (22); for 25 ml treatment it was 23% (17); for 50 ml treatment it was 21% (17); for 75 ml it was 17% (13) and for 100 ml of crude oil it was 15% (9). Mean heights corresponding to 0 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml and 100 ml crude oil-polluted soil treatment were 1.75 cm, 2.50±1.78 cm, 2.75±1.80 cm, 1.95±1.68 cm and 1.65±2.50 cm in that order, at 2 weeks after planting (2 WAP), which later increased to 58.50 cm, 38.60 cm, 28.70 cm, 21.50 cm and 20.10cm correspondingly at 16 WAP. The mean girth increased from 0.12 mm to 0.34 mm, 0.12 mm to 0.31 mm, 0.11 mm to 0.27 mm, 0.11mm to 0.24 mm, and 0.10 mm to 0.21 mm girth respectively, between 2 WAP and 16 WAP. The number of nodules was 8, 5, 6, 2 and 0 while the number of leaves was 10.00, 8.00, 6.00, 5.00 and 5.00 correspondingly in increasing order of crude oil concentration. The monitored soil physicochemical characteristics decreased inversely to the concentration of crude oil in the soil. The percentage growth suppression was 34.00% for 25 ml crude oil-spiked soil treatment, 50.90% for 50ml crude oil-spiked soil treatment, 63.20% for 75 ml crude oil-spiked soil treatment and 65.60% for crude oil-spiked soil treatment. The relative growth (RGR) for the plants at 0 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml and 100 ml crude oil-spiked soil treatment was 0.25, 0.20, 0.17, 0.17 and 0.18 in that order. The results point to the high tolerance of P. osun and its suitability for use in the remediation of crude oil-tainted soils in the Niger Delta.

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WSN 189 (2024) 188-199

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