ABSTRACT
The integration of smart grid technology is pivotal for enhancing modern electricity grids’ efficiency, reliability, and sustainability, especially as the share of renewable energy sources increases. This review explores key aspects of smart grids, including their definition, components, and capabilities. Smart meters, advanced communication systems, energy management systems, and IoT devices are essential elements that enable real-time monitoring, data analytics, and predictive maintenance. These technologies help manage the intermittency and variability of renewable energy, support the integration of distributed energy resources, and facilitate grid modernization through infrastructure upgrades and smart inverters. Additionally, advanced monitoring and control systems, cybersecurity measures, and demand response strategies are crucial for improving grid stability and reliability. The review also examines emerging trends such as AI and machine learning for smart grid management and blockchain for decentralized energy transactions. The role of government and regulatory bodies in promoting smart grid adoption and renewable integration through incentives is highlighted. The paper concludes with a future outlook, emphasizing the need for continued innovation and supportive policies to achieve a resilient and sustainable energy system
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