Light speed rotating and halting Planck-Hubble-Hawking universe

ABSTRACT

True cosmic red shift must be defined as the ratio of loss in energy of photon to the energy of photon at laboratory. In terms of wavelength, photon red shift must be defined as the ratio of increase in wavelength to the observed wavelength of photon. With reference to traditional red shift (z), true cosmic red shift can be expressed as, z_new = [z/(z+1)]. We would like to emphasize the point that, wrong definition of galactic red shift led cosmologists to wrongly introduce cosmic acceleration and dark energy concepts. Clearly speaking, light curve based supernovae distances or traditional red shift, dark energy density and matter density dependent galactic distances can simply be fitted with [z/(z+1)](c/H₀). Following the corrected red shift definition and based on k_BT relation, it can be shown that, T_t /T₀ = z+1. We would like to emphasize the point that, spin is a basic property of quantum mechanics and one who is interested in developing quantum models of cosmology, must think about cosmic rotation. Based on continuous light speed rotation and decreasing speed of cosmic expansion, we have developed 5 integrated assumptions and developed a workable model of cosmology for understanding current cosmic expansion speed, angular velocity, temperature, galactic flat rotation speeds and baryon acoustic bubble radius. By following the Planck scale and considering the Hubble-Hawking temperature relation, both, current cosmic temperature of 2.725 K and Hubble parameter of 66.87 km/sec/Mpc can be fitted without any tension. Considering super gravitational behavior of galactic baryon mass above 180 million solar masses, dark matter can be understood as a phenomenon of super gravity. Starting from the recombination epoch, the ratio of current Hubble mass to 180 Million solar masses can be linked with the exponential of [Root(1100)]. Ratio of Hubble radius to Baryon acoustic bubble radius can be linked with root(1100). It may be noted that, having a continuous light speed rotation, if universe start its journey with light speed expansion, its estimated current expansion speed is 7.9 m/sec. It needs observational support via distance-duality like relations revised with corrected red shift definition and current and future thermal isotropy.

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WSN 193(2) (2024) 223-240

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